Why frozen pipes cause water damage
Water expands when it freezes. Ice forming inside a pipe raises the pressure between the blockage and the closed faucet until the pipe or a fitting splits. No water escapes while the ice holds. When temperatures rise and the ice melts, water runs out of the split under full pressure.
Where pipes freeze in Minnesota homes
- Kitchen and bathroom supply lines on exterior walls, especially north-facing
- Pipes in rooms over an attached garage
- Lines running through rim joists and crawl spaces
- Outdoor hose bibs where the hose was left attached
- Cabins, rentals and vacant houses with the heat turned down or off
- Homes where the furnace failed during a cold snap
Anoka sees stretches of weather well below zero most winters. A night at 15 or 20 below with wind is when lines that survived every other winter finally freeze.
If the pipe is frozen but has not leaked yet
- Open the faucet it feeds. A trickle means it is not fully blocked.
- Know where the main shutoff is and make sure it turns.
- Warm the area gently: open cabinet doors, run a space heater in the room, use a hair dryer on the pipe.
- Never use a torch or open flame.
- Watch the pipe as it thaws. If it starts to leak, close the main.
If it has already thawed and leaked
Shut off the main, cut power to wet areas if safe, and request service. The steps are the same as any burst pipe, with two differences specific to freezing.
What is different about frozen pipe losses
There may be more than one break
The cold that froze one line usually reached others. It is common to repair one split, turn the water on and find a second. Turn the water back on slowly with someone watching.
The water often ran for a long time
Many frozen pipe losses happen in empty houses. Water may have run for days, through several levels. These are larger jobs with more material to remove.
Exterior walls are harder to dry
The wet cavity is full of insulation and the outside face is cold. Wet insulation is removed and the cavity is dried with warmth and air movement.
Preventing the next one
- Keep the thermostat at 55 degrees or higher when away.
- Disconnect garden hoses before the first hard freeze.
- Open cabinet doors under sinks on exterior walls during extreme cold.
- Let a faucet drip on the coldest nights.
- Have someone check the house every day or two if you travel in winter.
Our frozen pipe water damage guide has more on prevention and thawing.